See also:

• Science: Social Sciences: Sociology  (991)

Football Hooliganism in Europe: - Provides a historical overview and includes discussion of cross-national variations, media coverage, racism and alcohol.

Football Unites, Racism Divides: - A study of race and football.

Research into Football Violence: - Site explaining academic study by Robin Manser into 'hooliganism' and the policing of English fans abroad.

Soldiers, Sashes and Shamrocks: Football and Social Identity in Scotland and Northern Ireland: - Extended article examining the extent to which clubs are used by various social groups for the expression of certain elements of their identities. Includes annotations and references.