See also:

• Kids and Teens: School Time: Math: History  (23)
• Science: Physics: History  (143)
• Society: History: By Topic: Science  (437)

MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive:  .

- Topics are presented by topic areas, date, or mathematicians. Includes timeline and website search engine.

Ancient Geometry and Insights into Math History: - Topics include background in Babylonian, Euclid, Al'Khwarizmi, pi, and trigonometry. Also has recreations and java chat.

Ancient Math Papers Restored: - Thanks to new imaging technology, part of the remains of a private library, owned by Roman statesman and Julius Caesar's father-in-law, may now be read. These papers were original discovered in 1752 in the town of Herculaneum.

The Art of Renaissance Science: - Discusses how art and architecture were influenced by mathematical concepts, such as perspective. Includes photo examples.

A Brief History of Algebra and Computing: - By Oxford professor, Jonathan Bowen. Discusses origins in ancient Greece, Arabia and England, analytical machines, boolean algebra, and recent developments in the field.

Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics: - Shows who coined a wide variety of commonly used terms. Organized by first letter.

Earliest Uses of Mathematical Symbols: - Discusses first known appearances of common expressions, such as operations, variables and trigonometric functions.

Euclid and His Heritage: - A conference on the occasion of the publication, for the first time, of a complete digital edition of the oldest surviving manuscript of Euclid's Elements. St. Catherine's College, Oxford, UK; 7--8 October 2005.

The Euler 2004 Conference: - Portsmouth, RI, USA; 8--11 August 2004.




Galois Translation Project (GTP): - This Site contains original correspondence, official documents and school reports of the mathematician Evariste Galois. This site provides a platform to translate these documents.

Glimpses of History: - A poetic rendition of the key events in the development of the field that have taken place over the years.

Green Lion Press: - An independent book publisher specializing in source materials history of mathematics and history of science. Includes list of publications available and contact information.

Historia Matematica: - A forum which provides a virtual environment for scholarly discussion of the History of Mathematics, amongst professionals, and non-professionals with a serious interest in the field. A bilingual site (Spanish and English).

Historia Mathematica: - Elsevier journal about early mathematical discoveries. Includes table of contents and abstracts.

History and Overview: - Front for the Mathematics Arxiv of eprints section HO: biographies, philosophy of mathematics, mathematics education, recreational mathematics, communication of mathematics.

History of Mathematics.: - Includes classic texts by Hilbert and Euclid (a Java enhanced version of the Elements) a chronology, and links.

History of Mathematics - Facets of India: - Includes history of algebra trigonometry, numerical mathematics, and geometry in this region.

History of Mathematics: China: - An overview. Includes a chronology of mathematicians and mathematical works, online references and a bibliograph.




History of Mathematics in India: - Describes Indian mathematicians such as Aryabhatta - who modelled the solar system, Bhaskar, Varahamira, and others who made important contributions in the fields of trigonometry, algebra, and classical analysis.

The History of the Calculus and the Development of Computer Algebra Systems: - Discusses development of integral and derivative calculus from the 17th century. Features contributions by key western mathematicians. Includes examples of selected problems and how they were originally solved in earlier times. Also, covers the historic background to computer algebraic systems.

India's Contribution to Ancient Mathematics: - Discusses the nation's early development of geometric concepts, algorithms, algebraic ideas and the idea of zero. Also, explains how these ideas may have traveled westward after some invasions from Arabic countries in the 13th century.

Math History Timeline - Pre-historic and Ancient Times: - La Hababra high school page includes dates for important developments in the field of mathematics that occurred from approximately 1,000,000 B.C. to 500 A.D. Also, has an accompanying timeline for general historic events.

Mathematics in Latvia throughout the Centuries: - Covers the early mathematical development in the country, such as the use of geometrical symbols. Includes discussion of influential works of local mathematicians.

MathWorld: History: - Descriptions and links relating to various historical problems and topics in mathematics.

Mechanical Aids to Computation and the Development of Algorithms: - Article summarizing and illustrating early methods of counting and representing of numbers.

Mechanical Aids to Computation and the Development of Algorithms: - Notes to Dr. Paul E. Dunne's math history lecture, with images.

Mechanical Calculators Prior to the 19th Century: - Explains the development and motivation for creating calculating machines and algorithms.




Mesopotamian Mathematics - 8000 B.C. to 364 A.D.: - Discusses the development of numbers, addition tables, exercise problems and solutions for quadratic equations in one of oldest known civilizations.

Original Documents on the History of Calculators: - Contains HTML versions of some original documents related to the history of calculators.

The Princeton Mathematics Community in the 1930s: - An oral history project with supporting on-line documents and links.

Renaissance Mathematics: - Discusses the technological, commercial and political reasons for the increase in mathematical development during this period.

Roman Numerals and Roman Dates: - Includes conversion tables, historical background and a demonstration on how to express the year 1999 in Roman numerals.

Sangaku: - Japanese votive tablets featuring mathematical problems. Examples with pictures and further resources.

Symbol, Form and Number in Ancient Egypt: - Includes math examples from the Rhind papyrus and Babylonian tablets. Also, discusses early Egyptian mythology.

Vatican Exhibit: Ancient Mathematics: - Library of Congress. Includes articles and original document images of early Greek contributions to the field.

Vedic Mathematics- Ancient Indian Mathematics: - The site gives an idea about what is Vedic Mathematicsa - a long forgotten technique for mathematical calculations! The basic roots of Vedic mathematics lie in Vedas (written around 1500-900 BCE) which are a treasure house of knowledge and human experience-both secular and spiritual.




Washington Post: The Search for Infinity: - Discusses the development of the concept of infinity from the early Greeks of the fifth to the second century B.C. Covers the important findings of Zenos, the Pythagorean school, Eudoxus and Archimedes.

Zero: The Biography of a Dangerous Idea: - A concise and appealing look at the strangest number in the universe. By Charles Seife.

Twenty-Five Years with Nicolas Bourbaki: - Article by Armand Borel from a lecture at Bochum in September 1996 in honour of R.Remmert. (March, 1998)